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英语八大从句总结表(英语八大从句类型与用法总结)

频道:家有妙招 日期: 浏览:1225

      

       1. 宾语从句

       宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子

       如:I'm extremely sorry that I have lost your book.

       宾语从句注意事项:

       ①宾语从句的连接词

       ②宾语从句用陈述语序

       ③宾语从句的时态

       (1)宾语从句的连接词:宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。(详情见上次宾语从句单讲)

       (2)宾语从句的语序:

       A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)

       例如:I'm wondering if they would believe in me.

       B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词

       如:He asked me who had helped him.

       (3)宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现从任,主过从过,客观真理一般现”

       A. 主现从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种,根据句意

       如:1.He tells me he likes maths very much(一般现在时)

       I know he didn't tell you that he would come then.(过去时态)

       B. 主过从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。

       如:She told me that she liked playing basketball(一般过去时)

       C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。

       如:1.My teacher says the moon goes around the earth.

       ★ 做题时,往往会遇到宾语从句否定转移的情况,当主句谓语表示“想,认为”等意义的动词,如:think.believe.imagine.suppose.expect.guess等,从句的否定一般要转移到主句,其反义疑问句一般与宾语保持一致,且用肯定形式。

       例如:I don't think they will wait to the last minute.

       I didn't believe that was his fault,was it?

       2. 状语从句

       (1)时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

       时间状语的连接词:when(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到…才) by the time(到…为止)

       连接词后加陈述语序。

       例:It was snowing when we got to the airport.

       (2)原因状语从句:在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。

       连接词:由连词because, since, as等词引导。

       ★ because 意为“因为”,表示造成某种情况的直接原因,语气最强,常用“why”提问

       举例:He took off his coat because it was too hot in the room.

       ★ since往往表示众所周知的原因,多意为“既然” since从句通常位于主句之前,其语气比as稍强。

       例如:Since you won't help me,I'll ask someone else.

       ★ as表示原因时,语气最弱,意为“由于”

       例如:As you were out,I left a message for you.

       (3)条件状语从句:在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。

       连接词:if如果, unless (=if not) 除非,as/so long as(只要),once(一旦)

       举例:If I am free tomorrow,I will help you with your English.

       (4)目的、结果状语从句

       目的状语从句连接词so that, in order that 引导。

       例如:Speak louder so that the people in the hall can all hear you.

       结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so( that)

       举例:so…that 如此…以至于

       I'm so knowledgeable that I can help students study.

       ★ so that 引导目的状语和结果状语的区分:

       1.意思有区别

       表示目的状语从句时,意思为: 以便, 为了,为使。

       表示结果状语从句时,意思为: 结果是,所以。

       2.引导目的状语从句常常与can, could,may,might,will,would,shall,should,等连用.

       例如:So that everyone will notice her,she dresses like an angel.

       3.引导目的状语从句通常不用逗号隔开,引导结果状语从句一般有逗号隔开。

       例如:We’ll come at eight so that the meeting can begin early.(目的状语)

       We arrived early in the morning,so that we caught the first train.(结果状语)

       (5)让步状语从句

       让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子

       连接词: though, although,even though,even if

       though/although引导让步状语从句时,主句中不能再用but,但可以用yet

       举例:Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.

       no matter引导让步状语从句:

       结构:"no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"

       如:whenever I'm unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.=No matter when I'm unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.

       类似此类还有:

       whatever=no matter what

       wherever=no matter where

       whoever=no matter who

       however=no matter how

       whenever=no matter when

       注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

       (6)地点状语从句

       在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句,可至于句首句中和句尾。常见引导词有where,wherever等。

       例句:We live where the road crosses the river.

       (7)方式状语从句

       方式状语从句常见引导词有:as(如同,按...方式),as if,as though等

       ★ 方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或可能性很大时,通常用陈述语气。

       例如:She looked a bit strange,as if/as though she knew something.

       ★ 方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实,通常用虚拟语气,表示现在的情况用过去时,表示过去的情况用过去完成时。

       例如:I remember the whole thing as if/as though it happened yesterday.

       3. 定语从句

       定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。

       如:I will give my mother a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)

       定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后

       如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.

       定语从句的连接词:

       连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that

       连接副词:when、where、why

       关系代词介绍:

       who:指人,在从句中可充当主语,宾语

       whom:指人,在从句中充当宾语

       that:指人/物,在从句中充当主语,宾语,表语

       which:指物,在从句中充当主语,宾语

       whose:指人/物,在从句中充当定语

       This is an old computer.+It works much slower.→

       This is an old computer which/that works much slower.

       关系副词介绍:

       when:在从句中充当时间状语,先行词一般为day,year,date,time等表示时间的名词

       where:在从句中充当地点状语,先行词一般为place,city,Beijing等表示地点的名词

       why:在从句中充当原因状语,先行词为表示原因的名词,如reason

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